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October 26, 2006

14.3 Specifics of Semantic Web Applications 309 14.3.2

Filed under: Web Engineering — webmaster @ 6:27 pm

310 The Semantic Web The Network of Meanings in the Network of Documents point in time. This doesn t mean that the old information has to be deleted or overwritten, because it may still be valid for some statements. 6. Minimalist design. The W3C initiatives plan for the Semantic Web to develop as simple mechanisms as possible, leaving much freedom for experiments. This means that the standardization is somewhat laissez-faire , which is stimulating, but also confusing, as we can see from the fact that various standards overlap. 14.3.4 Semantic Web Services Today s Web was designed primarily for human interpretation and use. Nevertheless, we are seeing increased automation of Web service interoperation, primarily in B2B and e-commerce applications. Generally, such interoperation is realized through APIs that incorporate hand-coded information-extraction code to locate and extract content from the HTML syntax of a Web page presentation layout. Unfortunately, when a Web page changes its presentation layout, the API must be modified to prevent failure. Fundamental to having computer programs or agents implement reliable, large-scale interoperation of Web services is the need to make such services computer interpretable to create a Semantic Web of services whose properties, capabilities, interfaces, and effects are encoded in an unambiguous, machine-understandable form. To realize the vision of Semantic Web Services (McIlraith et al. 2001), creating semantic markup of Web services that makes them machine understandable and use-apparent is necessary. Equally important is the development of agent technology that exploits this semantic markup to support automated Web service composition and interoperability. Driving the development of the markup and agent technology is the automation of tasks that semantic markup of Web services will enable most importantly, service discovery, execution,and composition and interoperation. Semantic Web Services offer the possibility of highly flexible Web services architectures, where new services can be quickly discovered, orchestrated and composed into workflows. Figure 14-10 highlights the Semantic Web Services (Fensel and Bussler 2002) that are intended to make the web realize its full potential. The following discusses the various aspects of Semantic Web Services: Semantic Web Services define exhaustive description frameworks for describing Web Services and related aspects by means of Web Service Description Ontologies. They support ontologies as underlying data models to allow machine-based data interpretation and they define semantically driven technologies for the automation of the Web Service usage process. The following describes the usage process (Paolucci et al. 2003) for Semantic Web Services: 1. Publication: This is to make available the description of the capability of a service. The capability of a service declares the various parameters associated with it and the functionality it has to offer to the outside world (of agents and other services). 2. Discovery: This is locating different services suitable for a given task. It involves automatically locating Web services that provide a particular service and that adhere to requested properties (task). A user might say, for example, Find a service that

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