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14.3 Specifics of Semantic Web Applications 311 Semantic WEB SERVICES Dynamic Web UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Services WWW Semantic Web Static URI, HTML, HTTP RDF, RDFS, OWL Figure 14-10 1Web, Semantic Web, Web Services and Semantic Web Services. (For technical details on Web Services please refer to Chapter 6.) sells airline tickets between Vienna and Amsterdam and that accepts payment by Master card. Currently, a human must perform this task, first using a search engine to find a service and then either reading the Web site associated with that service or executing the service to see whether it adheres to the specified task. With semantic markup of services, we can specify the information necessary for Web service discovery as computer-interpretable semantic markup at the service Web sites, and a service registry or (ontology-enhanced) search engine can automatically locate appropriate services. 3. Selection: This task implies choosing the most appropriate service for a given task assuming that, in principle, a potentially large number of services can fulfill the requirements of the specified task. Here the criterion for selection of a particular service from the pool can be universal or user specific with parameters such as money involved, time constraints, etc. 4. Composition: This task implies combining services to achieve the specified goal. Sometimes a single service may not be sufficient to fulfill the specified goal. It may require combining various services in a specific order where the outcome of one or more service executions will be the input to another set of services. Currently, if some task requires a composition of web services that need to interoperate, then the user must select those web services, manually specify the composition, ensure that any software for interoperation is custom-created, and provide the input at choice points (for example, selecting a flight from several options). With semantic markup of web services, the information necessary to select, compose, and respond to services is encoded at the service web sites. This figure is taken from the tutorial presentation on Semantic Web Services in the European Semantic Web Conference, Heraklion, Crete, 2005.

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