156 Part II: HTML, XHTML, CSS and Accessibility
156 Part II: HTML, XHTML, CSS and Accessibility note For an interesting and very detailed article on empty elements, their history, and their quirks, see Empty Elements in SGML, HTML, XML, and XHTML by Jukka Korpela, at www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/html/empty.html. Secret #113: Managing Minimized Attributes A minimized attribute is one that is represented only by the attribute name. There s no associated value. In HTML, familiar examples would include attributes such as the following: noresize noshade nohref nowrap multiple checked ismap compact Here s a sample:
In XHTML, the minimization of attributes is disallowed. The attribute name is given a value of itself: So, in all cases where you find a single-word attribute, you must give it a value of itself for the attribute to be valid in XHTML. note During classes I often ask students to guess what the attribute value of a minimized attribute becomes in XHTML. Many guess that the value is true , which makes absolute sense. The selected attribute is considered a Boolean attribute, and you can read more about their unique history and use at www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/intro/sgmltut.html. Secret #114: Entities and XHTML Chapter 6 examined character entities and their role in HTML. Used for the display of special characters in both HTML and XHTML, entities are also used in XHTML to escape certain characters in scripts and URLs. The best example of this is the ampersand (&), which appears in JavaScript and also in some URLs.
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